Eardrum perforation and chronic middle ear diseases are serious ear health problems that can lead to hearing loss and risk of infection. The surgical treatment for these conditions is called ear surgery. Tympanoplasty is a surgical procedure that involves repairing the eardrum and correcting the hearing system in the middle ear, as well as cleaning infections in the middle ear and mastoid bone behind the ear.
Which Methods are Used for Ear Surgery?
Surgeries may require different approaches depending on the severity of the disease present. These approaches include the following:
Myringoplasty (eardrum repair): The hole in the eardrum is repaired with this procedure. This is often the procedure of choice for closing small holes. Restoring the integrity of the eardrum can reduce hearing loss.
Tympanoplasty (repair of the ossicular system): In addition to repairing the eardrum, tympanoplasty also involves repairing the ossicular system that provides sound conduction in the middle ear. This procedure can be effective in treating middle ear hearing loss.
Mastoidectomy (Mastoid Bone Removal): This is a surgical procedure to remove inflammation that has traveled into the mastoid bone. This may be necessary to control and prevent the progression of infections in the middle ear.
Tympanomastoidectomy (Combination Surgery): This is a surgical procedure that addresses problems with both the eardrum and mastoid bone together. It is especially preferred in complex cases and can help both correct hearing loss and control inflammation.
When is Ear Surgery Performed?
For patients who have a hole in their eardrum but do not suffer from hearing loss and water leakage, surgery is usually aimed at improving their quality of life and preventing the progression of hearing loss in the future. Ear surgery is performed in line with patients’ preferences and can eliminate the need to protect the ear from water, especially during bathing or swimming.
In some patients with ear discharge, no foci of inflammation are detected in the nose and sinus area despite the presence of a hole in the eardrum. In this case, it may be necessary to close the hole in the eardrum to improve the quality of life of patients and to prevent the progression of hearing loss or the development of serious problems due to inflammation.
Cholesteatoma, which occurs in the middle ear and mastoid bone, is the presence of an inflammatory tissue that progresses by eroding the bone structure. When this condition is detected, it is necessary to remove this inflammation by surgery as soon as possible. The primary goal in patients with cholesteatoma is to prevent serious health problems such as facial paralysis, inner ear hearing loss or intracranial complications. Preservation or restoration of the hearing system is of secondary importance. Therefore, the priority in the treatment process is to eliminate the inflammation quickly and effectively.
After Ear Surgery
Patients can usually be discharged from the hospital after the dressing is applied within the first day after ear surgery. For surgeries without intervention in the mastoid bone, special sponges in the external ear canal should be cleaned after 10-14 days. It is also recommended that patients protect their ears from water and use ear drops containing antibiotics and cortisone to prevent infections and reactions in the surgical area.
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